In a new paper a scheme to perform dynamic hydro-mechanically coupled (CEL) analyses considering effective contact stresses is presented.

With the proposed scheme, dynamic hydro-mechanically coupled analyses can be performed using the finite element program Abaqus, which is relevant for many geotechnical boundary value problems. The approach solves previous problems where the interface friction was calculated using the total normal contact stresses instead of the effective stresses. It is shown that the new approach makes it possible to simulate vibratory pile driving in water-saturated soil more realistically.     

Staubach P. (2024). Hydro-mechanically coupled CEL analyses with effective contact stresses. Int J Numer Anal Methods. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.3725